Vectors in C++-Important topics in C++-Computer science

 Vectors in C++

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Vectors in C++ are a sequence container class that implements the dynamic size of the array to store things without caring for its size.

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Array vs Vectors

An array although is a static allocation where size is fixed, but in Vectors, the size is not fixed due to its dynamic nature. 

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Declaration of Vectors

std:: vector<int> vec; //under #include<vector> library

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Important functions of vectors are:

emplace()->vec.emplace(position,value) inserts the value at the specified position.

emplace_back()->vec.emplace_back(value) inserts the value at the end of the vector.

insert()->vec.insert(position,value) inserts the value at the front of the position given in the function.

resize()->vec.resize(value), resizes the vector's size to the value.

reserve()->vec.reserve(value) reserves the capacity of the vector to be that of value. 

size()->vec.size() returns the size of the vector.

capacity()->vec.capacity() returns the overall capacity of the vector. Capacity is always greater than size.

length()->vec.length() returns the length of the vector.

swap()->vec.swap(another vector), swaps vec with any other vector of same type.

push_back()->vec.push_back(value) pushes the value into the vector at last position. 

pop_back()->vec.pop_back() pops out the last value in the vector. 

front()->vec.front() returns the first value stored in the vector.

back()->vec.back() returns the last value stored in the vector.

clear()->vec.clear() clears the whole vector and make it NULL.

empty()->vec.empty() will check whether the vec is empty(returns true or 1) or not(returns false or 0).

at()->Use as vec.at(i) // Value in vector at index i.

begin()->Use it as vec.begin() // Beginning of the vector.

end()->Use it as vec.end() // End of the vector.

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